Power Up Basics (Xbox Original)
I've not done much diagnostics yet but some information is better than none.
Starting with the power board of the console to check it is working to at least the standby (non-switched) rails.
Remove all components from the power supply so it is not connected to the HDD, Disc drive or motherboard. Connect the mains power plug into the socket on the back of the console going into the power board.
Testing 110/230V Input
Take your multimeter and test on Voltage AC and measure you are getting power over both sides of the fuse.
๏ปฟWARNING: Be very careful not to touch the probes together or touch any exposed metal as there is mains voltage running throug the power board that can kill.๏ปฟ
Put the COM/black probe on the Neutral pin, and then Voltage/Red probe on each side of the fuse one at a time.
If you get 110/230V (depending on your region) on both sides of the fuse, your power board is at least getting mains power into it. If it does not, disconnect the power, leave it 10 minutes so it is safe to touch and work on.
Testing Fuse
Set your multimeter into continuity mode and test the fuse. It should read around 0 to 3R and beep. If it reads 0L the fuse is blown and needs swapping.
If all that is good, move on to checking the output of the power board connector, making sure it is disconnected from the console.
Testing 5V Hot Rail
With mains AC applied, but the connector not inserted into the motherboard, the only rail you will get is the 5V rail.
Take your multimeter, turn it to Voltage DC, and test the black and orange wires for 5.5V (it drops to 5V once connected to motherboard).
If you do not get this rail, something on your power board is damaged and needs fixing.
Power Supply Pins
Each version of the Xbox has different connectors. Here are the voltages for each color wire and the pinout of a 2004 version of an Xbox.
The orange 5V and the blue 3.3V standby rails should be active before connecting to the motherboard.
Some motherboards I have observed only output the 3.3V standby voltage once connected to the motherboard, which is likely due to the lack of an SMC on the later revisions and the motherboard being involved in generating that standby 3.3V signal from the 5V signal.
Out Of Standby
Connect the Front Panel cable (in this case the yellow cable) into the motherboard, and press the power button on the console to trigger power on.
This will get read by the SMC/motherboard and the SMC/motherboard once it detects a power button press should then send 3.3V to the Power On pin (white wire in this case), the power supply should then output 3.3V on the 3.3V rail (which on this particular power supply is the same pin that is dual purpose, both an input then output once 3.3V has been applied).
The yellow 12V rail should also be enabled and start outputting voltage, along with the red 5V rail.
To come out of reset the SMC/motherboard needs to be working and provide the 3.3V signal to the Power On pin. If this is not working the other rails will never come up.
You can use a basic voltage divider off the orange 5V rail to trigger the power supply to fully juice up all rails regardless of the SMC for testing purposes if you like. Place a 1k resistor between the Power On pin and ground, and a 4.7k resistor between the 5V rail and the Power On pin (make sure to do this with the power off, and make 100% sure the connections are good.
๏ปฟIf the 1k resistor is not installed correctly you will be sending 5V directly into the 3.3V rail potentially damaging something.๏ปฟ
Confirm these voltage rails are all active with a multimeter when pressing the power button. Make sure to have your probes on the wires before pressing the power button as if there is a fault you should still see the power rails come up momentarily. For example go ont the yellow 12V wire and press the power button. It should show 12V instantly, and if there is a failure it will collapse shortly after.
Fan Spin
Make sure to connect the fan next, and when pressing the power on button the first thing that happens is the case fan starts to spin. This is even before you get LEDs on the front panel.
This is a good first indicator of power getting to the system and the power supply working. If you get fan spin, it is highly likely your power supply is good.
If you do not get fan spin, put your multimeter on the bottom right pin of this N FET transistor and press the power button. If you do not see 5V appearing even momentarily then the N FET might be bad.
Double check the top middle pin of the N FET with the console in standby and this should have 5V. When powering on, this N FET passes the 5V through to the bottom right pin.
