Diagnostics Power Draws
Once we have confirmed we have a working BQ24193 it is time to hook up our bench power supply to the Switch for the remainder of all our diagnosis and repair.
Without a bench power supply telling us the current draw we are flying blind with nothing more than a multimeter and the hopes of a full working LCD and console. However, with a bench power supply we can tell if a system is booting fully into the OS with 100% certainty without even having a screen connected.
We can tell if the eMMC is bricked/bad or stuck in first-stage boot not going to second stage boot. We can tell if we have dead shorts, if we are failing to go to sleep mode, and so much more. All from the current draw of the bench power supply. So if you are going to be repairing Switch consoles I cannot recommend enough a good bench power supply.
We sell a nice priced mid-range bench power supply with accurate current readings enough for the task. A high-end one will cost you several thousand, but these mid-level accurate bench power supplies are good enough. Cheaper ones are of no use, their current measurements are nowhere near accurate enough to rely on for any diagnostics.
Bypassing the battery
It is simple to power up the console from the bench power supply. Install the 10K bypass resistor between the two test pads above the battery connector, remove the battery, and connect your bench power supply up to the ground of the USB-C connector and the VBAT pin of the BQ chip as shown below.
Set your bench power supply to 4.2V and 2A current limit. Any less than 2A and you will fail to get into second-stage boot.

Turning On Switch
In the spirit of bypassing as much as possible to keep potential issues like a bad ribbon cable or power button affecting our results, we can turn the Switch on with nothing more than a pair of tweezers.
Short out the top 2 pins of the power/volume ribbon cable to simulate pressing the power button.

Once you do this you should observe the bench power supply current draw increase.
Current Reading Diagnostic Table
The current will depend on the current operational state of the console, and if you have an LCD connected or not. We will base lots of our diagnostics on these specific current draw values.
For example a working console without an LCD connected would typically draw 200mA at first-stage boot, and jump to 400-600mA during second-stage full boot.
Here is a table of the power draws at the stages of booting. Starting with first-stage boot, then second, then sleep.
As we find more specific cases of failed components indicated by specific current draws we will update this table.
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Setup | Indication of | First-Stage Boot | Second-Stage Boot | Sleep |
๏ปฟ4V at VBAT๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟDead-short๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟMax current draw๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟ |
๏ปฟ4V at VBAT. No LCD๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟWorking๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟ200mA๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟ400-500mA๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟ8mA๏ปฟ |
๏ปฟ4V at VBAT. LCD๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟWorking๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟ200-400mA๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟ500-800mA๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟ340mA then 13mA๏ปฟ |
๏ปฟ4V at VBAT. LCD๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟBad backlight IC or LCD๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟ200mA๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟ400-500mA๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟ8mA๏ปฟ |
๏ปฟ4V at VBAT๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟNo/Bad eMMC Bad CPU (try reflow) Bad RAM (try reflow)๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟ200mA (never goes second stage)๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟ-๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟ-๏ปฟ |
๏ปฟ4V at VBAT๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟCurrent limited by supply or VBAT traces๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟ0mA then 200mA (boot loop)๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟ-๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟ-๏ปฟ |
๏ปฟ4๏ปฟV at VBAT๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟBad MAX77621 below CPU๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟ100mA๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟ-๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟ-๏ปฟ |
๏ปฟ4V at VBAT๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟBad MT92๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟ200mA๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟ300-700mA then collapses back to 200mA or loops constantly between 300-700mA๏ปฟ | ๏ปฟ-๏ปฟ |
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